Y broblem gyda denfyddio'r Beibl fel ffynhonell yw ei fod dim ond yn un ffynhonell. Mae anffyddwyr efo nifer anfeidrol o ffynonellau gan gynnwys y Beibl.
Os ti'n sgwennu adroddiad gwyddonol neu gwaith hanesyddol, bydd dy waith yn cael ei anwybyddu mwy neu lai os ti dim ond yn defnyddio un ffynhonell.
Dyma'r ffynonellau ar gyfer erthygl yn ymwneud a thechneg 'squatio' a sut i leihau straen ar y pen-glin:
1. Aagaard, P., E.B. Simonsen, N. Beyer, B. Larsson, P. Magnusson, and M. Kjaer. Isokinetic muscle strength and capacity for muscular knee joint stabilization in elite sailors. Int. J. Sports Med. 18:521?525. 1997. Find this article on other systems
2. Abelbeck, K.G. Biomechanical model and evaluation of a linear motion squat type exercise. J. Strength Cond. Res. 16:516?524. 2002. Find this article on other systems
3. Ahmed, C.S., A.M. Clark, N. Heilmann, J.S. Schoeb, T.R. Gardner, and W.N. Levine. Effect of gender and maturity on quadriceps to hamstring ratio and anterior cruciate ligament laxity. Am. J. Sports. Med. 34:370?374. 2006. Find this article on other systems
4. Andersen, L.L., S.P. Magnussun, M. Nielson, J. Haleem, K. Poulsen, and P. Aagaard. Neuromuscular activation in conventional therapeutic exercises and heavy resistance exercises: Implications for rehabilitation. Phys. Ther. 86:683?697. 2006. Find this article on other systems
5. Augustsson, J., A. Esko, R. Thomee, and U. Svantesson. Weight training of the thigh muscles using closed vs. open kinetic chain exercises: A comparison of performance enhancement. J. Orthop. Sports. Phys. Ther. 27:3?8. 1998. Find this article on other systems
6. Beynnon, B.D., R.J. Johnson, B.C. Fleming, C.J. Stankewich, P.A. Renstrom, and C.E. Nichols. The strain behavior of the anterior cruciate ligament during squatting and active flexion-extension. Am. J. Sports Med. 25:823?829. 1997. Find this article on other systems
7. Caterisano, A., R.F. Moss, T.K. Pellinger, K. Woodruff, V.C. Lewis, W. Booth, and T. Khadra. The effect of back squat depth on the EMG activity of 4 superficial hip and thigh muscles. J. Strength Cond. Res. 16:428?432. 2002. Find this article on other systems
8. Dahlkvist, N.J., B. Mayo, and B.B. Seedhom. Forces during squatting and rising from a deep squat. Eng. Med. 11:69?76. 1982. Find this article on other systems
9. Donnelly, D.V., W.P. Berg, and D.M. Fiske. Effects of the direction of gaze on the kinematics of the squat exercise. J. Strength Cond. Res. 20:145?150. 2006. Find this article on other systems
10. Ebben, W.P., and D.H. Leigh. The role of the back squat as a hamstring training stimulus. Strength Cond. J. 225) 15?17. 2000. Find this article on other systems
11. Escamilla, R.F. Knee biomechanics of the dynamic squat exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 33:127?141. 2001. Find this article on other systems
12. Escamilla, R.F., G.S. Fleisig, N. Zheng, S.W. Barrentine, K.E. Wilke, and J.R. Andrews. Biomechanics of the knee during closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain exercises. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 30:556?569. 1998. Find this article on other systems
13. Escamilla, R.F., G.S. Fleisig, N. Zheng, J.E. Lander, S.W. Barrentine, J.R. Andrews, B.W. Bergemann, and C.T. Moorman. Effects of technique variations on knee biomechanics during the squat and leg press. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 33:1552?1566. 2001. Find this article on other systems
14. Fry, A.C., C. Smith, and B.K. Schilling. Effects of knee position on hip and knee torques during the barbell squat. J. Strength Cond. Res. 17:629?633. 2003. Find this article on other systems
15. Holcomb, W.R., M.D. Rubley, H.J. Lee, and M.A. Guadagnoli. Effect of hamstring emphasised resistance training on hamstring quadriceps strength ratios. J. Strength Cond. Res. 21:41?47. 2007. Find this article on other systems
16. Isear, J.A., J.C. Erickson, and T.W. Worrell. EMG analysis of lower extremity muscle recruitment patterns during an unloaded squat. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 29:532?539. 1997. Find this article on other systems
17. Jenkins, W.L., S. Munns, G. Jayaraman, K.L. Wertzberger, and K. Neely. A measurement of anterior tibial displacement in the closed and open kinetic chain. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 25:49?56. 1997. Find this article on other systems
18. Kingma, I., S. Aalbersberg, and J.H. van Dieen. Are hamstrings activated to counteract shear forces during isometric knee extension efforts in healthy subjects?. J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. 14:307?315. 2004. Find this article on other systems
19. Li, G., T.W. Rudy, M. Sakane, A. Kanamori, C.B. Ma, and S.L.Y. Woo. The importance of quadriceps and hamstring muscle loading on knee kinematics and in-situ forces in the ACL. J. Biomech. 32:395?400. 1999. Find this article on other systems
20. Lutz, G.E., R.A. Palmitier, K.N. An, and E.Y. Chao. Comparison of tibiofemoral joint forcesduring open-kinetic-chain and closed-kinetic-chain exercises. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 75:732?739. 1993. Find this article on other systems
21. McCaw, S.T., and D.R. Melrose. Stance width and bar load effects on leg muscle activity during the parallel squat. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 31:428?436. 1999. Find this article on other systems
22. Neitzel, J.A., and G.J. Davies. The benefits and controversy of the parallel squat in strength training and rehabilitation. Strength Cond. J. 223) 30?37. 2000. Find this article on other systems
23. Ninos, J.C., J.J. Irrgang, R. Burdett, and J.R. Weiss. Electromyographic analysis of the squat performed in self-selected lower extremity neutral rotation and 30? of lower extremity turn-out from the self-selected neutral position. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 25:307?315. 1997. Find this article on other systems
24. Panerillo, R.A., S.I. Backus, and J.W. Parker. The effect of the squat exercise on anteriorposterior knee translation in professional football players. Am. J. Sports Med. 22:768?773. 1994. Find this article on other systems
25. Schaub, P.A., and T.W. Worrell. EMG activity of six muscles and VMO: VL ratio determination during a maximal squat exercise. J. Sports Rehab. 4:195?202. 1995. Find this article on other systems
26. Signorile, J.F., K. Kwiatkowski, J.F. Caruso, and B. Robertson. Effect of foot position on electromyographical activity of the superficial quadriceps muscles during the parallel squat and knee extension. J. Strength Cond. Res. 9:182?187. 1995. Find this article on other systems
27. Souza, A.L., and S.D. Shimada. Biomechanical analysis of the knee during the power clean. J. Strength Cond. Res. 16:290?297. 2002. Find this article on other systems
28. Spanu, C.E., and M.S. Hefzy. Biomechanics of the knee joint in deep flexion: A prelude to a total knee replacement that allows for maximum flexion. Technol. Health Care. 11:161?181. 2003. Find this article on other systems
29. Toutoungi, D.E., T.W. Lu, A. Leardini, F. Catini, and J.J. O'Connor. Cruciate ligament forces in the human knee during rehabilitation exercises. Clin. Biomech. 15:176?87. 2000. Find this article on other systems
30. Wallace, D.A., G.J. Salem, R. Salinas, and C.M. Powers. Patellofemoral joint kinetics while squatting with and without an external load. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 32:141?8. 2002. Find this article on other systems
31. Wisloff, U., C. Castagna, J. Helgerud, R. Jones, and J. Hoff. Strong correlation of maximal squat strength with sprint performance and vertical jump height in elite soccer players. Br. J. Sports Med. 38:285?288. 2004. Find this article on other systems
32. Wright, G.A., T.H. Delong, and G. Gehlsen. Electromyographic activity of the hamstrings during performance of the leg curl, stiff-leg deadlift and back squat movements. J. Strength Cond. Res. 13:168?174. 1999. Find this article on other systems
33. Zheng, N., G.S. Fleisig, R.F. Escamilla, and S.W. Barrentine. An analytical model of the knee for estimation of internal forces during exercise. J. Biomech. 31:963?967. 1998. Find this article on other systems